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A guideline to high power (>3 kW) laser welding of steel, stainless steel and aluminium

Peter Nerman

Abstract

A literature review has been made with the objective to generate this guideline for high power (>3kW) laser welding of steel, stainless steel and aluminium. The following conclusions have been found.

During recent years welding of common construction materials with laser has been made both economically and technically possible in a lot of industrial applications. The reason for that is the development of high power (> 3 kW) lasers at reasonable price levels.

The laser technique gives a lot of advantages compared with conventional fusion welding processes (MIG/MAG, TIG etc.) such as minimal distortion after welding, very high welding speed and minimal weld volume. The laser technique is also very useful for welding sheets of different grades and/or thicknesses to each other.

There are also some disadvantages with the laser technique such as the need for a very accurate positioning system for the laser beam and in many cases a very good edge/groove preparation.

Some materials also have a limited weldability with laser. One well known example is aluminium which surface has a very high reflectivity for the laser radiation. This can put strong limits on the weld quality.

Another disadvantage, which is of non-technical character, is the fact that the laser technique still is very expensive compared with other more conventional fusion welding techniques. The laser technique has therefore together with the need for precision positioning and security aspects come to be used only in high volume applications where a high weld quality is favourable.

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